By David Dolan

TOKYO Some 44% of Japanese companies see extreme weather events around the globe hitting earnings, a Reuters survey showed, highlighting the impact of scorching heat waves and torrential rains on firms in the world's third-largest economy.

More than three-quarters of Japanese companies are already taking or are now considering measures to deal with extreme weather, with energy-saving programmes and cost-cutting among the most popular responses, the survey showed.

Climate change poses vast risks to the global economy, experts have warned, including to output and worker productivity.

Disaster-prone Japan is no stranger to extreme weather events, including typhoons, floods and blistering heat.

"Infrastructure is likely to be disrupted due to extreme weather conditions, which could result in emergency spending and lower productivity," wrote a manager at a company in the transport sector.

The monthly Reuters Corporate Survey of 502 large and medium-sized non-financial Japanese firms, in which 248 responded, showed a majority of non-manufacturers had already felt or expected to feel the effects of extreme weather on their earnings.

More than a third of manufacturers said the same.

The survey was conducted for Reuters by Nikkei Research from Aug. 30-Sept. 8, with firms responding on condition of anonymity to allow them to speak more freely.

"Investment earmarked for capital expenditure is being diverted towards environmental measures and business continuity plans, which puts downward pressure on earnings," wrote a manager at a machinery company.

Flooding has been a particular headache for Japanese companies. The January 2020 corporate survey found that 77% of companies had prepared business continuity plans for disasters, yet only 45% had taken concrete steps to protect their facilities.

In the latest survey, 58% of companies highlighted energy-saving measures as a response, while a quarter said they had already or would consider more flexible working rules, including the time of shifts.

Some 23% picked cost cutting - often seen as Japan Inc's go-to plan in times of adversity - as their response.

Just 23% said they had yet to consider taking any measures.

Separately, 57% of firms said they did not expect a cabinet reshuffle to boost Prime Minister Fumio Kishida's flagging popularity.

(Reporting by David Dolan; Editing by Jacqueline Wong)