A joke by a Chinese stand-up comedian that loosely referenced a slogan used to describe the country's military has cost an entertainment firm more than $2 million after it was slapped with enormous fines by authorities.
The costly punishment underscores the delicate line comedians must tread in China's increasingly restrictive and heavily censored social environment and the stark consequences for those in the entertainment industry who are deemed to step out of line.
Li Haoshi, known by his stage name House, caught the attention of authorities this week after using a phrase associated with the People's Liberation Army (PLA) during his comedy show at the Century Theater in Beijing over the weekend.
As the official backlash grew, Li canceled all his performances while the entertainment company that represents him, Shanghai Xiaoguo Culture Media, issued an apology.
On Wednesday the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Culture and Tourism said a subsidiary of the firm would be fined $1.91 million and deprived of $189,000 it made in "illegal gains" -- an apparent reference to Li's two live shows last weekend. The company was also indefinitely suspended from holding any performances in the capital.
On Wednesday evening, police in Beijing said that they had opened an investigation into Li, claiming his performance had "seriously insulted" the military and caused "bad social impact."
In 2021, China enacted a law to ban any insult and slander on military personnel. Last year, a former investigative journalist was sentenced to seven months in prison after he questioned China's role in the Korean War as depicted in a blockbuster patriotic movie.
On Tuesday, police in the northeastern Chinese city of Dalian detained a woman, identified by her surname Shi, for posting a comment on Weibo questioning why Li was suspended and making a reference to Chinese troops with a dog emoji. The post has since been deleted and her account deactivated.
"No blasphemy will be allowed for the military personnel's dignity," police said in a statement following her arrest.
What Li said
To many, Li's joke might appear innocuous.
During the show, he began a skit about how he had adopted two stray dogs since moving to Shanghai.
He went on to say that their chase after a squirrel one day reminded him of eight words, before he unleashed the controversial punchline, according to audio posted to Chinese social media site Weibo.
"Fine style of work, capable of winning battles," he said, flipping a well known Chinese Communist Party slogan referring to the PLA.
The phrase was first uttered in 2013 by Chinese leader Xi Jinping, who also chairs the military, when he set out a list of qualities he commanded from the nation's army. It has since been repeated at various official occasions and in state media.
Shanghai Xiaoguo Culture Media is one of the biggest stand-up comedy show producers in the country.
In handing down its penalty in a statement on Wednesday, authorities in Beijing concluded that Li's Saturday show contained "a plot amounting to a serious insult to the People's Liberation Army and causing a bad social influence."
"We will never allow any company or individual to wantonly slander the glorious image of the People's Liberation Army on a stage in the [Chinese] capital, never allow the people's deep feelings for the soldiers to be hurt, and never allow serious subjects to be turned into an entertainment," the culture authority said.
'Low form of art'
Li had already apologized on Chinese social media platform Weibo, where he has 136,000 followers.
"I will take all the responsibility and call off all my performances to deeply reflect and reeducate myself," he wrote on Monday.
Shanghai Xiaoguo Culture Media previously said it had suspended the comedian from all productions indefinitely.
Stand-up comedy has gained traction in China in recent years against the backdrop of an emerging trend of televised contests that pit witty comedians against one another.
After the penalties were announced, some Chinese internet users took to the Twitter-like Weibo platform to praise the official body's decision.
"Well-deserved. Stand-up comedy is a low form of art that thinks it is cultural," one user wrote.
But others feared it may lead to a further crackdown on comedy.
China imposes stringent censorship on issues it deems sensitive -- from women's cleavage to criticism of the Communist Party. That ideological control has tightened under Xi's rule, widely impacting the entertainment industry.